Turntables come in many varieties, in different price ranges. There are used and new. The used ones are generally affordable but you must know how to check them or how to repair them. The new ones are usually highly over priced, due to small production quantities or import duties. Also there are a few out to make a buck, pricing both turntables and records quite high. These effect the market, attract more business people to the field and un-necessarily drive prices up. Here are some examples. You can get more info on these types if you check online.
Turntables come in 3 basic categories, based on the drive mechanism - belt drive, idler drive, direct drive (I am staying in the lowest end)
If buying belt drive TTs on a budget, go for something like the Technics SLBD20B (may not be easily available but there are other similar types from brands like Teac, Audio Technica, Denon, etc). Prices can be between 2 or 3k and can go as high as 15k.
Idler drive turntables generally are vintage as this drive mechanism is not common these days. The Garrards, Duals, Lencos are good examples. Again, thanks to these business guys, prices have gone through the roof. The king of idler driver turntables, the Garrard 301 will cost you upwards of 1 lakh. But keeping this example in mind, seller usually price scrap Garrard turntables and changers in the 20k-30k price range. Actual value can vary from Rs.500 to Rs.7000 depending on the condition.
When it comes to direct drives, there is only one trusted player in my opinion, Technics. A Technics direct drive turntable in good condition is worth its weight in gold. There are automatic and semi automatic versions. Prices can range from 12k to 25k.
Kindly note that the prices mentioned includes an entry level phonocartridge and stylus. Some of the entry level turntables like the belt drive turntables may come with an inbuilt phonostage which will save you the extra spend, just in case your amplifier does not have a phono input.
Hope this helps.