My gut feeling says it may not be possible to do it convincingly without multiple microphones and some mixing/trickery, digital or otherwise
Even stereo itself is trickery! It is an illusion --- but, surely it is
our favourite illusion, and one that we music lovers would rather call
miracle!
Most of the "3D" effect that we perceive, I think, is from simple acoustic clues, eg, something quieter may be perceived as being further away. Mixing boards have pan controls for each channel, but I don't
think they have forwards/backwards controls: just left/right.
Try this with framing pictures: put a darker colour around the picture, and it will seem like looking out through a window, with the picture forced back. Put a lighter colour, and the picture seems to now stand in front of the frame.
I'm sure such things happen with audio clues too. I have often noticed, at classical concerts, that when the mridangam/violin is too loud, the vocalist seems to have been moved back, even though they are sitting in the same plane.
Having said all that, it is actually possible to represent more than the flat stereo plane. This astonished me:
LEDR - Listening Environment Diagnostic Recording Test Try it... you can "watch" the sound moving
up and down! Doubtless, some speakers do it better than others, but it mostly works on my Rs16k M-Audios.
I suspect that the higher the level of ambient live-venue sounds, the further forward it would appear to be on the soundstage. I suppose this is a production/artistic choice. Actually, most live audiences are, when you just want to listen to the music, damned annoying. We want that being-there clue, but
not too much. Recently, I bought a W. Classical download, and wrote it off as a bad buy after just a couple of minutes: just too much audience noise.