whereby a vibrating panel is constrained by a second panel of sufficiently high mechanical impedance. In this mode, the two panels, one vibrating, the other constraining, are joined by an adhesive viscoelastic damping layer. Energy is dissipated through tensional forces of sheer deformation. Intuitively, it might appear the thicker the adhesive damping layer, the more damping. In practice, however, the opposite holds true: the thinner the layer, the more effective constrained layer damping (CLD).