Every PS3 comes packed with a basic composite cable, which is the one shown in the picture above. Check your box. It should be there. If it isn't, I think you can get a replacement cable (Sony or some other 3rd-party branded).
You can get a spare AV cord in shops that sell PS3 accessories. Original ones are not cheap. If you invest a little more money, you can buy a decent cd/dvd player and have a better cd sound + lesser usage of your ps3 player for mere audio purpose. IMHO PS3 is not a great cd player. PS3 plays Blu-ray fine.
It is good that you decided to buy CD player than trying PS3 with the cable came along with it .
I tried PS3 as source connected to CA 851 as well as Denon 3312 proved it is the worst way one can screw-up music quality. Even a basic mobile phone as source will perform better.